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Non-Inverting and Inverting Amplifiers Basic Analysis

Author: Apogeeweb Date: 13 Nov 2019  14751

operational amplifier configuration

Ⅰ. Introduction

In electronics, an operational amplifier is a circuit unit with a very high amplification factor. In the actual circuit, usually combined with the feedback network to form a certain functional module. It is an electronic device with a special coupling circuit and feedback. The output signal can be the result of mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction or differentiation, integration, etc, thus it was used in analog computers to implement mathematical operations.

Catalog

Ⅰ. Introduction

Ⅱ. Non-inverting Amplifiers and Inverting Amplifiers

   2.1 Terminology

   2.2 Non-inverting Amplifier Circuit

   2.3 Inverting Amplifier Circuit

Ⅲ. Note: Input Impedance

Ⅳ. Amplifier Gain

Ⅴ. Differences between Inverting & Non-Inverting Amplifiers

   5.1 Facts Consideration

   5.2 Differences Summary

Ⅵ One Question Related to Amplifier and Going Further

   6.1 Question

   6.2 Answer


An op amp is a functional unit that can be implemented in discrete devices or in semiconductor chips. With the development of semiconductor technology, most of the op amps exist in the form of a single chip, but there are many types of op amps, which are widely used in the electronics industry.

 op amp

The op amp can be simply viewed as a high-gain direct-coupled voltage amplifying unit with one signal output port (Out) and two high-impedance inputs, non-inverting input and inverting input, so op amps can be used to make the non-inverting, inverting, and differential amplifiers.

Difference between Inverting and Noninverting Amplifier

 

Ⅱ. Non-inverting Amplifiers and Inverting Amplifiers

2.1 Terminology

An operational amplifier in an electronic circuit has a non-inverting input and an inverting input. The same polarity of the input and the output is a non-inverting amplifier, on the contrary, it is an inverting amplifier. And the inverting amplifier circuit has a function of amplifying the input signal and inverting the output.

 op amp operate

2.2 Non-inverting Amplifier Circuit

When a positive phase is received, a positive phase is output, whereas the negative phase is output. The phases of non-inverting end and the output end are the same. In other words, the signal is applied to the non-inverting input of the op-amp, and it is not inverted at the output when compared to the input.

non-inverting amplifier 

Figure 1. Non-inverting Amplifier

(A signal applied keeps its polarity at the output, and a positive input remains a positive output.)

Vin and V-Virtual are short circuit in the figure, where Vin=V-……a

Because of the virtual open circuit, there is no current to the inverting input, the current through R1 and R2 is equal, and the current is set to I, which is obtained by Ohm's law:

I=Vout/(R1+R2)……b

Vin equal to the partial voltage on R2, where Vin=I*R2……c

By a, b, c, where Vout=Vin*(R1+R2)/R2

 

2.3 Inverting Amplifier Circuit

When the positive phase is received, the negative phase is output, whereas the positive phase is output. And the non-inverting end and the output end are keeping inverting relation. An inverting amplifier provides the same function as the common emitter and common-source amplifier.

Figure 2: The grounding of the op amp is 0V, the inverting end and the non-inverting end are short circuit, so it is also 0V. The input resistance of the inverting input is very high, while it is virtual open. So that there is almost no current injection and outflow, then R1 and R2 are equal to a series connection, the current flowing through each of the components in a series circuit is the same, that is, the current flowing through R1 and the current flowing through R2 are the same.

inverting amplifier 

Figure 2. Inverting Amplifier

(The polarity of a signal is reversed at the output, and a negative input becomes a positive output.)

Current flowing through R1: I1=(Vin-V-)/R1………a

Current flowing through R2: I2=(V--Vout)/R2……b

V-=V+=0………………c

I1=I2……………………d

By solving the above algebra equation, we can get the result:

Vout=(-R2/R1)*Vi

The inverting amplifier circuit has the function of amplifying the input signal and inverting output, which is a negative feedback technique. Negative feedback returns a portion of the output signal to the input. The reason why the inverting amplifier can only connect the signal to the inverting input is because the negative feedback can be formed only in this way, otherwise it will not work in the linear amplification region.

When inputting from both ends simultaneously, the size and phase are the same, that is the common mode signal, and the theoretical output is zero.

 

Ⅲ. Note:  Input Impedance

The input impedance of the non-inverting input is high, and the input impedance of the inverting input is low. The input impedance of the non-inverting input is basically determined by the bias resistor connected in parallel with the non-inverting terminal, and the resistance can be very large. When the inverting input is connected, the feedback resistor is connected between the inverting terminal and the output terminal, and the resistance is small, so the input impedance of the inverting input is relatively low.

1. The magnitude of the input resistance of the non-inverting amplifier does not affect the input impedance, and the inverting amplifier input resistance is approximately equal to the input impedance.

2. When the input impedance is required to be high, the non-inverting amplifier should be selected.

3. If the input impedance is not required to be large, the non-inverting or inverting can be selected at this time. When the phase is not considered strictly, the inverting amplification is preferred because it only has the differential mode signal.

4. The CMRR of the inverting amplifier is better when the CMRR is decisive.

Inverting amplifier, the input common mode of the op amp is almost constant, the common mode amplification is not reflected to the output, and the input common mode of the op amp in the non-inverting amplifier changes with the input signal, the common mode amplification of the op amp will be reflected Output. Therefore, the CMRR of the inverting amplifier is better when the CMRR of the op amp is decisive.

 op amp image

Ⅳ. Amplifier Gain

741 Op Amp Circuit

Basic Inverting Amplifier Made with an Op-amp

Non-inverting Amplifier Inverting Amplifier
GAIN (AV) = 1+(R2 / R1)
Example:
if R2 is 1000 kilo-ohm and R1 is 100 kilo-ohm the gain would be :
1+ (1000/100) = 1 + 10 or GAIN (AV) = 11
If the input voltage is 0.5v the output voltage would be : 0.5 X 11 = 5.5v
GAIN (AV) = -R2 / R1
Example:
if R2 is 100 kilo-ohm and R1 is 10 kilo-ohm the gain would be :
-100 / 10 = -10 (Gain AV)
If the input voltage is 0.5v the output voltage would be : 0.5v X -10 = -5v

 

Ⅴ. Differences between Inverting & Non-Inverting Amplifiers

5.1 Facts Consideration

It can be seen that comparing them is from the following aspects: input and output impedance, common mode anti-interference.

1. The input impedance of the non-inverting amplifier is equal to the input impedance of the op amp, and they are close to infinity. The input resistance of the non-inverting amplifier does not affect the input impedance; and the input impedance of the inverting amplifier is equal to the resistance of the series resistor of the signal to the input. Therefore, when the input impedance is required to be high, the non-inverting amplifier should be selected.

2. The input signal range of the non-inverting amplifier is limited by the op amp's common-mode input voltage range, while it is not the case with the inverting amplifier. Therefore, if the input impedance is required to be low and the phase is free, the inverting amplification is preferred because it only has a differential mode signal. And the anti-interference ability is strong, thus a larger input signal range can be obtained.

3. In the design where the same magnification is required, try to select a resistor with a small value, which can reduce the influence of the input bias current and the influence of the distributed capacitance. If you are more concerned about power consumption, you have to compromise on the resistance.

4. Determine if an input signal is a non-inverting input or an inverting input. If the input resistance of the amplifier circuit is required to be large, the non-inverting input amplifier circuit should be used because the increase of the input resistance of the amplifier circuit will affect the voltage gain. When the inverting input resistance is increased, the voltage gain of the circuit is reduced, and the voltage gain is also affected by the internal resistance of the signal source. Therefore, when designing the inverting input amplifying circuit, sometimes the input resistance and the voltage gain is difficult to balance. If the bias resistor or the voltage divider is appropriately increased, the input resistance of the amplifier circuit can be increased, and the voltage gain has little or no effect on the voltage gain, which requires a better understanding of the circuit.

Integrated Circuit Using Op-amp

Figure 3. Integrated Circuit Using Op-amp

5.2 Differences Summary

The integrated amplifier can be connected to the non-inverting or to the inverting amplifier. Is it better to select non-inverting amplification or inverting amplification? Let's look at the difference between them.

1)non-inverting amplifier

a. Advantages

The input impedance is equal to the input impedance of the op amp, which close to infinity.

b. Disadvantages

The amplifying circuit has no virtual ground, so it has a large common mode voltage, and the anti-interference ability is relatively poor. So that the op amp requires a higher common mode rejection ratio, and another disadvantage is that the amplification factor can only be greater than one.

2)inverting amplifier

a. Advantages

 The potential of the two input terminals is always approximately zero (the non-inverting terminal is grounded, and the inverting terminal is virtual-grounded), in addition, only the differential mode signal exists, and the device has strong anti-interference ability.

b. Disadvantages 

The input impedance is small, which is equal to the resistance of the series resistance of the signal to the input.

3) The gain calculation of the two are different, and their phases are opposite.

 

6.1 Question

What are non-inverting amplifiers used for?

6.2 Answer

The non-inverting amplifier configuration is one of the most popular and widely used forms of op amp circuit and it is used in many electronic devices. The op amp non-inverting amplifying circuit provides a high input impedance along with all the advantages gained from using an op amp.

 

Frequently Asked Questions about Difference between Inverting and Noninverting Op Amp

1. Which is better inverting or noninverting amplifier?
Inverting op-amps provide more stability to the system than non-inverting op-amp.In case of inverting op-amp negative feedback is used that is always desirable for a stable system.

 

2. What are the advantages of non inverting amplifier over inverting amplifier?
The advantages of the non-inverting amplifier are as follows: The output signal is obtained without phase inversion. In comparison to the impedance value of the input at the inverting amplifier is high in the non-inverting amplifier. The voltage gain in this amplifier is variable.

 

3. What is an inverting amplifier used for?
The inverting amplifier is an important circuit configuration using op-amps and it uses a negative feedback connection. An inverting amplifier, like the name suggests, inverts the input signal as wells as amplifies it.

 

4. Where are non-inverting amplifiers used?
The non-inverting amplifier configuration is one of the most popular and widely used forms of operational amplifier circuit and it is used in many electronic devices. The op amp non-inverting amplifier circuit provides a high input impedance along with all the advantages gained from using an operational amplifier.

 

5. Why are inverting amplifiers better than non inverting?
Inverting op-amps provide more stability to the system than non-inverting op-amp.In case of inverting op-amp negative feedback is used that is always desirable for a stable system.

Ordering & Quality

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pinglun 3 comments

    • pingluntus
    • Ada Lee on 2019/11/21 18:03:53

    When distinguish the non-inverting op amp and the inverting op amp, look at which end of the op amp the signal enters. If it is the inverting end, it is the inverting op amp, entered from the non-inverting end is opposite. If the signals enter from the two, it is most likely differential or addition and subtraction op amp.

    • pingluntus
    • Wirebeta on 2021/1/7 12:23:42

    Inverting amplifier and non-inverting amplifier are two amplifiers that are designed using the operational amplifier. Inverting amplifier uses the inverting input of the operational amplifier as the main input while the non-inverting input is being grounded. The non-inverting amplifier uses the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier as the main input while the inverting input is being grounded. Both of these amplifier modes are very important in operational amplifier circuits. These circuits are widely used in adding circuits, multipliers, differentiating circuits, integrating circuits, logic gates, and numerous other circuits designed using the operational amplifier.

    • pingluntus
    • shivam sharma on 2022/5/1 20:51:58

    what is the linear range of inverting and non inverting amplifier?

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